This article summarizes a series of cognitive error types referred to as “cognitive dispositions to respond” (CDRs). The author reviews previously described CDRs, such as failures in perception and heuristics, overconfidence bias, and anchoring. He aims to provide a detailed perspective on the cognitive challenges that impact diagnostic decision making, including strategies to handle them. The author concludes that in order to reduce diagnostic errors, further investigation must pursue effective methods of “cognitively debiasing” ourselves when making clinical decisions.