The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) are widely used to screen administrative data for evidence of adverse events in adult inpatients. The Pediatric Quality Indicators (PDIs) aim to fill the same role for pediatric hospitals, and this study provides strong evidence that they can identify patients who experience preventable harm. Evaluation of nearly 2 million pediatric discharges over a 20-year period found that patients who experienced one PDI had a 20% increased risk of mortality. The PDIs include postoperative complications such as respiratory failure, a case of which is discussed vividly in this AHRQ WebM&M commentary.