Dual process models of clinical reasoning: the central role of knowledge in diagnostic expertise.
Norman G, Pelaccia T, Wyer P, et al. Dual process models of clinical reasoning: the central role of knowledge in diagnostic expertise. J Eval Clin Pract. 2024;30(5):788-796. doi:10.1111/jep.13998.
Diagnostic reasoning is frequently discussed in terms of System 1 (thinking fast) and System 2 (thinking slow). The authors of this review present evidence against the claim that diagnostic error stems solely from System 1 thinking. They conclude that errors originate from both System 1 and System 2 thinking. Errors typically occur due to lack of access to the appropriate knowledge, and neither system is essential to the process of diagnostic reasoning.