Measuring safety culture is a core patient safety activity, but the relationship between safety culture and adverse events remains unclear. This prospective cohort study measured nursing home safety culture using the AHRQ Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture and also measured rates of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) as part of a quality improvement collaborative. Although safety culture survey results improved and CAUTIs declined over time, after accounting for other factors such as nursing home size and nonprofit versus for-profit status, there was no association between safety culture score and CAUTI rates. The authors recommend focusing on technical aspects of infection control such as standard protocols for catheter insertion rather than safety culture in order to improve patient safety outcomes. Correspondence published in the same issue points out limitations of a related study on the AHRQ Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture.