Factors that influence the expected length of operation: results of a prospective study.
Gillespie BM, Chaboyer W, Fairweather N. Factors that influence the expected length of operation: results of a prospective study. BMJ Qual Saf. 2012;21(1):3-12. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2011-000169.
This qualitative study, based on direct observation of 160 surgical procedures, found that communication breakdowns were significantly correlated with deviations from the expected length of the procedure.