This revised and reorganized book provides a primer on how human error causes mishaps and often illustrates deeper troubles within a system. Both the old view of human error that places blame on the individual and the new view that identifies most human failures as merely a symptom of systems-level problems are presented. This view of human error has led to the application of root cause analyses and human factors engineering in health care. New chapters discuss the importance of safety culture and provide recommendations on improving the failure investigation process.