The girl who cried pain: a bias against women in the treatment of pain.
Hoffmann DE, Tarzian AJ. The girl who cried pain: a bias against women in the treatment of pain. J Law Med Ethics. 2001;29(1):13-27. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720x.2001.tb00037.x.
Gender inequities are well-documented in the assessment and treatment of pain. This review summarizes studies on gender differences in experiences and treatment of pain, and assessment of why these differences exist. Findings show there are many reasons for the underappreciation and undertreatment of women’s pain, including cultural expectations for how pain “should” look and attributing women’s pain to emotional or psychological causes.