"It matters what I think, not what you say": scientific evidence for a medical error disclosure competence (MEDC) model.
Hannawa AF, Frankel RM. "It Matters What I Think, Not What You Say": Scientific Evidence for a Medical Error Disclosure Competence (MEDC) Model. J Patient Saf. 2021;17(8):e1130-e1137. doi:10.1097/PTS.0000000000000524.
Effective error disclosure fosters a just culture. In this large study, participants responded to actors as they disclosed a minor error and a sentinel event. When physicians communicated their remorse nonverbally, participants had less desire to distance themselves from the physician or seek legal action.