This study developed techniques to allow objective description of task characteristics, workload, and vigilance in operating room settings. Using three measurement strategies, the investigators studied two cohorts of anesthesia providers, including a more experienced group with less attending supervision and a less experienced group with more attending supervision. The authors report on the different patterns observed in the two groups and discuss how these techniques provide useful information for future investigation and educational training requirements. Their study represents one of the first to apply human factors research techniques to a clinical anesthesia environment.