Patients' and family members' experiences of open disclosure following adverse events.
Iedema R, Sorensen R, Manias E, et al. Patients' and family members' experiences of open disclosure following adverse events. Int J Qual Health Care. 2008;20(6):421-32. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzn043.
Interviews with patients and family members revealed that the disclosure process often did not include a formal apology.