Achieving sustained improvements in patient safety requires learning from both safety failures and successes. This article describes the Safety I, Safety II, and Safety III frameworks and how each can support safety analytics in perioperative and anesthesia care. The Safety I framework includes using individual and system failures, analytics, culture, and technology to improve safety. Safety II emphasizes resilience and clinicians’ adaptability, while Safety III integrates system design and operational feedback to prevent harm. The authors apply each framework to a patient safety incident from a national database of pediatric anesthesia events and discuss possible quality and patient safety improvement approaches.