The prevalence of incivility in hospitals and the effects of incivility on patient safety culture and outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Workplace incivility is known to decrease patient safety culture. This review identified 41 studies on workplace incivility experienced or witnessed by hospital healthcare providers, its association with safety culture and patient outcomes, and mediating factors. Meta-analysis results indicate 25% of healthcare providers experience incivility and 30% witness incivility. Incivility was associated with near misses, adverse events, and mortality.