Prevalence, types, and sources of bullying reported by US general surgery residents in 2019.

In this survey of 6,264 US general surgery residents, 70% reported experiencing at least one bullying behavior during surgical training and 18% reported frequent bullying. The most common types of bullying behavior were repeated reminders of mistakes, being shouted at, withholding of important information, persistent criticism, and hostility. Women and racial/ethnic minorities reported more frequent bullying. Residents reporting frequent bullying had higher rates of burnout, suicidal thoughts, and thoughts of leaving surgical training.