This AHRQ-supported study discovered few existing relationships between the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations accreditation scores and AHRQ’s Inpatient Quality and Patient Safety Indicators (IQIs/PSIs). Given the increasing focus on public reporting of such information to guide consumers in making health care choices, the investigators sought to determine if current reports of accreditation scores reflect more recent and evidence-based IQIs/PSIs. Discussion includes detailed analyses illustrating the relationships, or lack thereof, between the different systems. While many argue that accreditation and performance measurement capture different aspects of quality and safety, this study suggests a need for greater vigilance in defining how and what to measure if the goal is to provide an accurate representation of quality and safety to the public.