A socio-technical systems approach to studying interruptions: understanding the interrupter's perspective.
Rivera J. A socio-technical systems approach to studying interruptions: understanding the interrupter's perspective. Appl Ergon. 2014;45(3):747-56. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2013.08.009.
This human factors engineering study used direct observation to determine that nurses' decisions whether to interrupt other nurses' work depended on the reason, the potential consequences, and interpersonal factors.

