Speaking up about patient safety concerns: the influence of safety management approaches and climate on nurses' willingness to speak up.
Alingh CW, van Wijngaarden JDH, van de Voorde K, et al. Speaking up about patient safety concerns: the influence of safety management approaches and climate on nurses' willingness to speak up. BMJ Qual Saf. 2019;28(1):39-48. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2017-007163.
This study developed a measure of patient safety leadership style for nurse managers. Researchers found that their measure of control-based versus commitment-based safety management was valid and reliable after testing among clinical nurses.