Surgical leadership in a culture of safety: an inter-professional study of metrics and tools for improving clinical practice.
Gogalniceanu P, Kunduzi B, Ruckley C, et al. Surgical leadership in a culture of safety: an inter-professional study of metrics and tools for improving clinical practice. Am J Surg. 2024;228:32-42. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.09.002.
Healthcare has borrowed many safety practices from aviation such as checklists, crew resource management, and safety culture. In this study, interviews with aviation experts identify non-technical skills that leaders require in a safety culture environment which the authors adapt for surgical leaders. The core attribute was "humble confidence," with three additional domains: management of risk, management of opportunity, and management of people. The authors developed the Safety Leadership Assessment Matrix (SLAM) to assess these non-technical skills in surgeon leaders.