Safe diagnosis is a complex challenge that requires multidisciplinary approaches to achieve lasting improvement. The authors worked with a multidisciplinary panel to build a 10-element framework outlining steps that support conservative diagnosis. Recommendation highlights include a renewed focus on history-taking and physician examination, as discussed in a PSNet perspective. They also emphasize the importance of continuity between clinicians and patients to build trust and foster timely diagnosis. Taken together with recommendations for enhanced communication between specialist and generalist clinicians and more judicious use of diagnostic testing, this report is a comprehensive approach to reducing overdiagnosis and overtreatment.

This study examined currently available smartphone and software applications (or apps) designed to aid with accurate diagnosis. Although the authors described some of the potential benefits of these apps, they note that their research suggests apps should be used with caution by both clinicians and consumers, due to problems with transparency regarding sources, evidence, and credentials.