Trigger tools can identify patient results that may represent adverse events in an automated manner. This study determined potential triggers for adverse events in the emergency department setting. The final 8-item trigger tool identified through an iterative validation process had a sensitivity close to 80% and specificity around 60%, in line with trigger tools in other settings.

Involving trainees in patient safety work can ground their development in quality improvement. This commentary discusses a three-level framework to engage trainees in quality improvement and patient safety work. The authors review insights regarding strengths and weaknesses of each level of the model and use scenarios to illustrate its use in hospitals.