The PSNet Collection: All Content

The AHRQ PSNet Collection comprises an extensive selection of resources relevant to the patient safety community. These resources come in a variety of formats, including literature, research, tools, and Web sites. Resources are identified using the National Library of Medicine’s Medline database, various news and content aggregators, and the expertise of the AHRQ PSNet editorial and technical teams.

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Displaying 1 - 20 of 327 Results

Team experiences of the root cause analysis process after a sentinel event: a qualitative case study.

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Liepelt S, Sundal H, Kirchhoff R. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23:1224.

Root cause analysis (RCA) is a frequently used, and sometimes mandatory, method to investigate sentinel events. In this study, members of an RCA committee were interviewed before and after an RCA investigation to elicit their experiences and assess compliance with the Norwegian RCA process. Organizational factors and team composition presented challenges, particularly the inclusion of staff closely involved with the incident under investigation.

Deficiencies in Quality Management Processes and Delays in the Communication of Test Results and Follow-Up Care at the Phoenix VA Health Care System in Arizona.

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Washington DC; VA Office of the Inspector General; October 31, 2023; Report no. 22-03599-07.

Disclosure failures detract from learning, appropriate incident examination, and safe care delivery. This report examined factors contributing to poor disclosure practices associated with the care of three patients. Lack of report submission, uninitiated root cause analysis, and inadequate documentation were process weaknesses highlighted by the review.

Redesigning Event Review with RCA2.

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Institute for Healthcare Improvement. March 13 - April 23, 2024.

Root cause analysis (RCA) is a widely recognized retrospective strategy for learning from failure that is challenging to implement. This series of webinars will feature an innovative approach to RCA that expands on the concept to facilitate its use in incident investigations. Instructors for the series will include Dr. Terry Fairbanks and Dr. Tejal K. Gandhi.

Exploring the "Black Box" of recommendation generation in local health care incident investigations: a scoping review.

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Lea W, Lawton R, Vincent CA, et al. J Patient Saf. 2023;19:553-563.

Organizational incident reporting allows for investigation of contributing factors and formation of improvement recommendations, but some recommendations are weak (e.g., staff training) and do not result in system change. This review found 4,579 recommendations from 11 studies, with less than 7% classified as "strong". There was little explanation for how the recommendations were generated or if they resulted in improvements in safety or quality of care. The authors contend additional research into how recommendations are generated and if they result in sustained improvement is needed.

Developing surgical and anesthesia resident patient safety competencies through systems-based event analysis. Guide to curricular development and evaluation of longer-term resident perceptions.

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Bagian JP, Paull DE, DeRosier JM. Surg Open Sci. 2023;16:33-36.

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires post-graduate education to include patient safety curriculum. This article describes the development and evaluation of a curriculum for residents on patient safety investigations using the Root Cause Analysis and Action (RCA2) model. Residents were surveyed at least one year after completion of the training. Sixty-three percent of respondents agreed or strongly agreed residents should be provided with the RCA2 training and nearly half reported having participated on an RCA team since completing the program.

Implementing patient safety and quality improvement in dermatology.

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Marsch A, Khodosh R, Porter M, et al. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023;89(4):641-54; 57-67.

Patient safety in dermatology has received increasing attention over the past ten years. Part 1 of this series provides examples of patient safety concerns in dermatology (e.g., medication errors, teledermatology) and how key patient safety concepts such as safety culture and root cause analysis can be applied in dermatology settings. Part 2 of this series applies three quality improvement frameworks (LEAN, Six Sigma, and IHI-QI) can be used to improve the quality and safety of dermatology practice.

Adverse Health Events in Minnesota: Annual Reports.

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St Paul, MN: Minnesota Department of Health.

The National Quality Forum has defined 29 never events—patient safety problems that should never occur, such as wrong-site surgery. Since 2003, Minnesota hospitals have been required to report such incidents. The 2022 report summarizes information about 572 adverse events that were reported, representing a significant increase in the year covered. Earlier reports prior to the last two years reflect a fairly consistent count of adverse events. The rise documented here is likely due to demands on staffing and care processes associated with COVID-19 and general increases in patient complexity and subsequent length of stay. Pressure ulcers and fall-related injuries were the most common incidents recorded. Reports from previous years are available.

A Missed Bowel Perforation –the Importance of Diagnostic Reasoning

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WebM&M Case September 27, 2023

This case describes the failure to identify a brewing abdominal process, which over the span of hours led to fulminant sepsis with rapid clinical deterioration and eventual demise. The patient’s ascitic fluid cultures and autopsy findings confirmed bowel perforation, but this diagnosis was never explicitly considered.

Deficiencies in Emergency Department Care for a Patient Who Died by Suicide at the John Cochran Division of the VA St. Louis Health Care System in Missouri.

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Washington DC: Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Inspector General; June 29, 2023. Report no. 22-01540-146.

This report analyzed a patient suicide at an emergency department and determined factors in the delay of care that contributed to patient harm. This report shares recommendations to address leadership failures and other deficiencies including poor screening and patient monitoring. Post-event gaps identified include poor root cause analysis, disclosure, and reporting activities.

Investigation of urology intraoperative events leading to root cause analysis at national VA medical centers.

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Peard LM, Teplitsky S, Annabathula A, et al. Can J Urol. 2023;30(2):11467-11472.

Root cause analysis (RCA) is one tool commonly used to identify factors contributing to adverse events. Using RCA data from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), this study characterized adverse events occurring during urologic procedures. The most common causes of adverse events were improperly functioning equipment (e.g., broken scopes or smoking light cords), wrong site surgeries, and retained surgical items.

Root causes and preventability of unintentionally retained foreign objects after surgery: a national expert survey from Switzerland.

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Schwappach DLB, Pfeiffer Y. Patient Saf Surg. 2023;17:15.

Retained surgical items (RSIs) can lead to serious patient harm. Survey findings from 21 clinicians and stakeholders in Switzerland emphasized the importance of addressing production pressures, encouraging a culture of safety and teamwork, and implementation of effective counting procedures to reduce the incidence of retained surgical items.

Understanding the root cause analysis process to increase safety event reporting.

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Dudley KA. AORN J. 2023;117:399-402.

Root cause analysis (RCA) may not be an ideal process, but it still creates opportunities for learning and improvement after a sentinel event. This article posits why perioperative nurses may not report problems to avoid engagement in RCA activities. Increasing nurse awareness of RCA as a multidisciplinary and systems-focused improvement method is a suggested educational tactic to increase nurse RCA participation.

Implementing an electronic root cause analysis reporting system to decrease hospital-acquired pressure injuries.

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Armstrong AA. J Healthc Qual. 2023;45:125-132.

Healthcare-acquired pressure injuries (HAPI) can result in increased lengths of stay, hospital readmissions, and lower quality of life. This article describes the experience of one hospital which, after it discovered it had higher-than-average HAPI rates, conducted a root cause analysis to determine contributing factors and identify potential solutions. Dedicated nursing staff were hired and trained, and an electronic health record form was developed to document and track HAPI. A root cause analysis was completed for each HAPI to identify trends and implement improvements.

Analysis of reported suicide safety events among veterans who received treatment through Department of Veterans Affairs-contracted community care.

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Riblet NB, Soncrant C, Mills PD, et al. Mil Med. 2023;188:e3173-e3181.

Patient suicide is a sentinel event, and suicide among veterans has gained attention. In this retrospective analysis of suicide-related events reported to the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) National Center for Patient Safety between January 2018 and June 2022, researchers found that deficiencies in mental health treatment, communication challenges, and unsafe environments were the most common contributors to suicide-related events.

Curated Libraries

Implementation of Patient Safety Projects Curated Library

May 4, 2023

The implementation of effective patient safety initiatives is challenging due to the complexity of the health care environment. This curated library shares resources summarizing overarching ideas and strategies that can aid in successful program execution, establishment, and sustainability.

Using the Generic Analysis Method to analyze sentinel event reports across hospitals: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

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Baartmans MC, van Schoten SM, Smit BJ, et al. J Patient Saf. 2023;19:158-165.

Sentinel events are adverse events that result in death or severe patient harm and require a full organizational investigation to identify root causes and make recommendations to prevent recurrence. This study pooled sentinel event reports from 28 Dutch hospitals to identify common system-level contributing factors. Aggregation of system-level factors may provide more urgency in implementing recommendations than a single case at one organization.

The I-READI Quality and Safety Framework: Strong Communications Channels and Effective Practices to Rapidly Update and Implement Clinical Protocols During a Time of Crisis

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Patient Safety Innovation March 15, 2023

During a time of unprecedented patient volume and clinical uncertainty, a diverse team of health system administrators and clinicians within the University of Pennsylvania Health System quickly investigated, updated, and disseminated airway management protocols after several airway safety incidents occurred among COVID-19 patients who were mechanically ventilated. Based on this experience, the team created the I-READI framework as a guide for healthcare systems to prepare for and quickly respond to quality and safety crises.¹

Curated Libraries

Diagnostic Errors Case Studies

January 19, 2023

The Primary-Care Research in Diagnosis Errors (PRIDE) Learning Network was a Boston-based national effort to improve diagnostic safety. Hosted by the State of Massachusetts’ Betsy Lehman Center, it was led by the Harvard Brigham and Women’s Center for Patient Safety Research and Practice with funding from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. ...

Driving Learning and Improvement After RCA2 Event Reviews.

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Collaborative for Accountability and Improvement. January 26, 2023.

Root cause analysis (RCA) is a recognized approach to examining failures by identifying causal factors to define improvement effort. This session discussed challenges to the effective use of RCA results and examine an approach to present them that supports effective improvement action.

Serious hazards of transfusion: evaluating the dangers of a wrong patient autologous salvaged blood in cardiac surgery.

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Uramatsu M, Maeda H, Mishima S, et al. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2022;17:182.

Wrong-patient transfusion errors can lead to serious patient harm. This case report describes a blood transfusion error and summarizes the systems issues that emerged during the root case analysis, as well as the corrective steps implemented by the hospital to prevent future transfusion errors. A previous Spotlight Case featured a near-miss transfusion error and strategies for ensuring safe transfusion practices.

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