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The PSNet Collection: All Content

The AHRQ PSNet Collection comprises an extensive selection of resources relevant to the patient safety community. These resources come in a variety of formats, including literature, research, tools, and Web sites. Resources are identified using the National Library of Medicine’s Medline database, various news and content aggregators, and the expertise of the AHRQ PSNet editorial and technical teams.

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Displaying 1 - 20 of 484 Results
Clarke-Romain B. Emerg Nurse. 2023;Epub Sep 19.
Delays in raising concerns in acute or emergency care can have tragic consequences. This commentary uses a case study to highlight barriers to speaking up and evidence-based tools nurses can use such as the CUS Tool and two-challenge rule. Training all healthcare staff in communication techniques can encourage speaking up and respectful responses.
Gifford A, Butcher B, Chima RS, et al. J Hosp Med. 2023;Epub Oct 4.
Shared situation awareness is shown to improve patient outcomes in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This article outlines the process of designing communication and signage tools to maintain or improve situational awareness in anticipation of moving to a new clinical space. With the new tools in place in the new PICU, shared situation awareness for residents, nurses, and respiratory therapists improved.
Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality. January 30 and February 1, 2024.
Team training programs seek to improve communication and coordination among team members to reduce the potential for medical error. This virtual workshop will train participants to design, implement, and evaluate team training programs in their organizations based on the TeamSTEPPS model. 

Moore QT, Bruno MA. Radiol Technol. 2023;94(6):409-418.

Fostering a culture of safety is a key objective across all clinical areas, including radiology. This secondary analysis of survey data found that radiologists working night shifts and shifts exceeding 12 hours have poor perceptions of teamwork and of leadership actions concerning radiation safety.
Jensen JF, Ramos J, Ørom M‐L, et al. J Clin Nurs. 2023;32:7530-7542.
Crisis (or crew) resource management (CRM) training focuses on improvement of non-technical skills such as communication, teamwork, and situational awareness. This quality improvement project consisted of simulation-based CRM training in the context of intensive care unit admission. Interviews with participants, conducted three months after the simulation, revealed several themes including reflections on patient safety. Participants described positive changes in workflow, professional standards, and smoother and controlled processes.
Choi JJ, Rosen MA, Shapiro MF, et al. Diagnosis (Berl). 2023;Epub Aug 11.
Teamwork is increasingly seen as an important component of diagnostic excellence. Through a systematic review and observations of team dynamics in a hospital medical ward, researchers identified three areas requiring additional research- (1) team structure, (2) contextual factors, and (3) emergent states (e.g., shared mental models).
AMA J Ethics. 2023;25:E615-E623.
The safety culture of an operating room is known to affect teamwork and patient outcome. This article discusses the unique characteristics of robotic-assisted surgical practice and approaches teams and organizations can take to enhance communication that supports a safe care culture.
McCarthy SE, Hogan C, Jenkins L, et al. BMJ Open Qual. 2023;12:e002270.
Debriefing after significant clinical events helps affected staff develop a shared mental model of what happened, why it happened, and how it can be prevented in the future. This paper describes development of training videos on after action reviews (AAR)s, a type of debriefing. The videos introduce AAR, show a simulated AAR debriefing, offer techniques for handing challenging situations within an AAR, and reflections on the benefits. The videos are available with the online version of the paper.
Garcia-Jorda D, Nikitovic D, Gilfoyle E. Simul Healthc. 2023;18:232-239.
Simulation trainings are widely used to identify safety threats and improve processes. By analyzing video recordings of pediatric cardiac arrest simulations, researchers were able to identify 5 main areas of errors: clinical, planning and execution, communication, distraction, and knowledge/training. Investigating the root causes of these errors can result in improved trainings and, thus, improved patient outcomes.
Perspective on Safety August 30, 2023

This piece discusses virtual nursing, an approach to care that incorporates an advanced practice nurse into hospital-based patient care through telehealth. Virtual nursing increases patient safety and may enable expert nurses to continue to meet patient needs in future staffing shortages.

This piece discusses virtual nursing, an approach to care that incorporates an advanced practice nurse into hospital-based patient care through telehealth. Virtual nursing increases patient safety and may enable expert nurses to continue to meet patient needs in future staffing shortages.

Kathleen Sanford

Editor’s note: Kathleen Sanford is the chief nursing officer and an executive vice president at CommonSpirit. Sue Schuelke is an assistant professor at the College of Nursing–Lincoln Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center. They have pioneered and tested a new model of nursing care that utilizes technology to add experienced expert nurses to care teams, called Virtual Nursing.

Bradford A, Goeschel C, Shofer M, et al. Am Fam Physician. 2023;108(1):14-16.

Diagnostic errors are common in the ambulatory environment. This article discusses five tools to help primary care practices implement diagnostic safety improvement strategies. The authors share overarching considerations to support tool implementation including keeping efforts modest and seeing diagnostic safety beyond the clinical realm.

Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; July 2023.

Obstetric hemorrhage and severe high blood pressure during pregnancy are leading known causes of preventable maternal harms in the United States. The AHRQ Safety Program for Perinatal Care, Phase 2 developed toolkits consisting of case scenarios, slides, and facilitators guides to work in tandem to address these threats to maternal safety. The materials inform training opportunities to improve the safety culture of labor and delivery units and decrease maternal and neonatal adverse events that result from poor communication and system failures.

James C, Singh K, Valley TS, et al. Rockville, MD; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; July 2023. AHRQ Publication No. 23-0040-4-EF.

As artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) become established in health care, it is critical for clinicians and patients to effectively collaborate to use AI safely. This Issue Brief adds to a series of diagnostic-focused reports and presents a framework to guide patients and clinicians on working as team members when using AI and ML to make diagnostic decisions.

London, UK: NHS England; July 2023.

A strong patient safety culture needs nurturing to serve as a foundation for launching and sustaining improvements. This toolkit provides access to existing tools that support teamwork and communication, fairness, psychological safety, promotion of diversity and inclusivity, and civility as elements of a safety culture.
Perspective on Safety July 31, 2023

This piece focuses on the importance of building the capacity of the workforce and organizations for patient safety using patient safety education.

This piece focuses on the importance of building the capacity of the workforce and organizations for patient safety using patient safety education.

Olin K, Klinga C, Ekstedt M, et al. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23:651.
The operating room is a high-risk environment involving complex tasks. This study used cognitive task analysis (CTA) to explore how anesthesia nurses and anesthesiologists manage complex everyday situations during intraoperative care processes. Findings underscore the importance of available resources, team composition, and non-technical skills (NTS) for managing complex daily work and promoting patient safety.
Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Department of Defense.
Effective teamwork plays an essential role in providing safe patient care. The Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) program was developed inititally in collaboration by the United States Department of Defense and AHRQ in order to support effective communication and teamwork in health care. The 3.0 version of the widely implemented program is organized around 5 key strategies: patient focus, integrated platform, modular course design, active adult learning and emergent team challenges and opportunities. It provides new tools to measure its impact, supports increased emphasis on the role of patients in teams, and includes a new pocket guide. A PSNet WebM&M commentary discussed how improved teamwork and shared decision-making might have prevented a missed diagnosis of sepsis that lead to the death of a patient.
Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; July 2023.
The TeamSTEPPS® program was developed to support effective communication and teamwork in health care. The curriculum offers training for participants to implement TeamSTEPPS® in their organizations. The 3.0 version of the material has an increased focus on patient engagement and a broader range of clinical, administrative and leadership roles. The course includes updated evidence reviews, trainer guidance, measurement tools, a pocket guide quick reference to keyTeamSTEPPS® concepts and tools, and new patient videos.
Keebler JR, Lynch I, Ngo F, et al. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2023;49:373-383.
Handoffs are an inevitable part of hospital care; clear communication between providers is required to ensure safe care. This quality improvement project aimed to improve handoffs between the cardiovascular (CV) operating room and CV intensive care unit by developing, implementing, and sustaining a structured handoff bundle. A participatory design was used to ensure that the tool contained only the key elements to support implementation without overburdening users.