Transfusion errors can lead to serious patient harm. In this retrospective analysis of transfusion medical records and related documentation, researchers examined transfusion incident characteristics and logistical errors associated with incidents. Common logistical errors included elevated hemoglobin, inadequate bedside tests, inadequate patient identification, and laboratory errors.

Blood management errors can lead to serious patient harm. This article highlights five patient safety risks during pediatric perioperative blood management (failure to recognize and treat preoperative anemia, failure to obtain informed consent regarding perioperative blood management, failure to consider specific intraoperative blood conservation techniques in children, failure to recognize massive hemorrhage, failure to prevent unnecessary transfusion). The authors discuss potential solutions to address these safety risks.

Previous research has identified gaps in medication reconciliation practices among hospitalized children. This quality improvement found that increased utilization of a patient-friendly discharge medication platform integrated into the electronic health record (EHR) system was associated with improved inpatient discharge medication reconciliation in pediatric acute care patients.

Delayed cancer diagnosis is a major contributor to suboptimal outcomes and malpractice claims. In this review, factors contributing to delayed diagnosis of blood cancers are explored. Initial delays resulted from patients’ non-specific symptoms such as fatigue and symptoms that came and went. After seeking care, factors contributing to delayed diagnosis include seeing a locum general practitioner, being Black or a woman, and having multiple chronic conditions.

Reducing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is a patient safety priority. This article describes the development of a quality improvement initiative to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) on one pediatric oncology ward. The initiative included four key interventions – huddles to improve identification of patients at risk for CLABSI, leadership safety rounds, partnership with the vascular access team, and hospital-acquired condition (HAC) rounding cards to prompt discussions on central line functionality. This multimodal approach led to a significant reduction in CLABSI rates between 2020 and 2021, and an increase in CLABSI-free days.

Racism exacerbates health disparities and threatens patient safety. This article summarizes the relationship between structural racism and health disparities in the United States and highlights how racism impacts health care delivery and health outcomes for patients with sickle cell disease.

Wrong-patient transfusion errors can lead to serious patient harm. This case report describes a blood transfusion error and summarizes the systems issues that emerged during the root case analysis, as well as the corrective steps implemented by the hospital to prevent future transfusion errors. A previous Spotlight Case featured a near-miss transfusion error and strategies for ensuring safe transfusion practices.

Wrong blood in tube (WBIT) errors are rare but can lead to complications. One hospital implemented a quality improvement project to reduce WBIT errors with electronic patient identification, manual independent dual verification, and staff education. WBIT errors were significantly reduced and sustained over six years.

Wrong blood in tube (WBIT) errors can result in serious diagnostic and treatment errors, but may go unrecognized by clinical staff. In this study, machine learning was used to identify potential WBIT errors which were then compared to manual review by laboratory staff. The machine learning models showed higher accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity compared to manual review. 

Chemotherapy medications often have complex dosing which can lead to prescribing errors. This article describes the use of simulation-based training to improve pediatric hematology/oncology providers’ ability to identify and mitigate common chemotherapy ordering errors. The authors suggest that simulation-based training can serve as an alternative to systems-based electronic health record (EHR) improvements.

This analysis of transfusion-related safety incident reports found that such events were more commonly reported for pediatric compared to adult patients. This finding could reflect differences in reporting practices or underlying transfusion safety differences. The authors call for continued attention to transfusion safety.

To investigate the utility of a trigger tool in detecting adverse drug events (ADEs) in pediatric hematology and oncology patients, this study compared the tool with a voluntary reporting system. Implementation of the trigger tool led to inclusion of many cases that were not ADEs (false positives). In contrast, voluntary reporting did not identify all ADEs that were found using the trigger tool, implying under-reporting. These results reinforce prior research suggesting that multiple detection methods are needed to comprehensively detect ADEs. The authors advocate for triggers to be refined according to patient population and hospital setting to augment their usefulness. A previous AHRQ WebM&M perspective discusses the role of trigger tools in identifying ADEs and measuring patient safety.

This analysis of data from a voluntary reporting system in Britain provides an estimate of the incidence of serious blood transfusion complications in children.

Medication errors can be difficult to detect in ambulatory care, as patients or caregivers administer medications instead of health care providers. This descriptive study used home visits to children with chronic diseases to identify medication errors committed by parents, and found a remarkably high incidence of errors, particularly when parents did not use aids or support tools to help with medication administration. Although many errors were attributable to suboptimal provider–patient communication, physicians were unaware of errors in 80% of cases. An AHRQ WebM&M commentary discusses the effects of parental misunderstanding of medication instructions for their child.