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The PSNet Collection: All Content

The AHRQ PSNet Collection comprises an extensive selection of resources relevant to the patient safety community. These resources come in a variety of formats, including literature, research, tools, and Web sites. Resources are identified using the National Library of Medicine’s Medline database, various news and content aggregators, and the expertise of the AHRQ PSNet editorial and technical teams.

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Displaying 1 - 20 of 1775 Results
Institute for Healthcare Improvement. March 6 - May 20, 2024.
Burnout among health care workers negatively affects system improvement. This webinar series will highlight strategies to establish a healthy work environment that strengthens teamwork, staff engagement, and resilience. Instructors include Dr. Donald Berwick and Derek Feeley.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2023. ISBN: 9780309711937.

Maternal health care is rapidly emerging as a high-risk service that is vulnerable to communication, equity, and diagnostic challenges. This report examines the role of disparities in care across the maternal care continuum and strategies to drive diagnostic improvement such as care bundles, midwives, and health information technology. This publication is from a series of programs and resultant publications on improving diagnostic excellence.
Porter TH, Peck JA, Bolwell B, et al. BMJ Lead. 2023;7:196-202.
Authentic leadership principles emphasize the influence of positive psychological capacities to foster self-awareness and self-regulated positive behaviors. This qualitative study used podcast transcripts to explore the experiences of senior leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of authentic leadership principles. The researchers identified several behaviors demonstrating authentic leadership and discuss its influence of psychological safety, particularly during a crisis.
Munn LT, Lynn MR, Knafl GJ, et al. J Res Nurs. 2023;28:354-364.
Nursing team dynamics can influence safety culture and willingness so speak up about errors and safety concerns. This survey of over 650 nurses and nurse managers underscored the importance of leader inclusiveness, safety climate, and psychological safety in cultivating speaking up behaviors among nursing team members.
Krogh TB, Mielke-Christensen A, Madsen MD, et al. BMC Med Educ. 2023;23:786.
Medical trainees suffer from "second victim syndrome" (SVS) at rates similar to practicing healthcare professionals but they may not have the same resources to recover. This study of medical students' experiences describes the usual triggers of SVS such as patient harm, but also from negative responses by supervising physicians. Formal instruction and open discussion of SVS can support students' well-being and recovery.
Mohamed I, Hom GL, Jiang S, et al. Acad Radiol. 2023;Epub Sep 22.
Psychological safety is an important principle in identifying problems and improving patient outcomes. This narrative review highlights five best practices to foster psychological safety in radiology residencies – (1) establish clear goals and educational strategies, (2) build a formal mentoring program, (3) assess psychological safety, (4) advocate for radiologists as educators, and (5) support non-radiology staff. Although the review focuses on radiology residency programs, these strategies can be adapted to any residency program.

Pelikan M, Finney RE, Jacob A. AANA J. 2023;91(5):371-379.

Providers involved in patient safety incidents can experience adverse psychological and physiological outcomes, also referred to as second victim experiences (SVE). This study used the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST) to evaluate the impact of a peer support program on anesthesia providers’ SVE. Two years after program implementation, reported psychological distress decreased and over 80% of participants expressed favorable views of the program and its impact on safety culture.
Barlow M, Watson B, Morse K, et al. J Health Organ Manag. 2023;Epub Sep 26.
Hierarchy and expected response may inhibit someone from speaking up about a safety concern. This study used two vignettes of a speaking up situation with randomization on speaker seniority, discipline (i.e., allied staff, nurse, physician), tone (i.e., accommodating or non-accommodating), and the presence of other people in the room. All participants were more likely to respond positively to the accommodating tone, but the impact of seniority varied by receiver's discipline.
Bagot KL, McInnes E, Mannion R, et al. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23:1012.
Unprofessional behavior can have a detrimental effect on coworkers, culture, and patient safety. This qualitative study presents perspectives of middle managers in hospitals that implemented a program allowing and encouraging workers to report unprofessional, as well as positive, behavior. Themes included staying silent but active (e.g., avoiding the unprofessional colleague), history and hierarchy, and double-edged swords (e.g., pros and cons of anonymous reporting).
Pogorzelska-Maziarz M, de Cordova PB, Manning ML, et al. Am J Infect Control. 2023;Epub Aug 23.
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted systemic weaknesses in the healthcare system. This survey of 3,067 registered nurses working in New Jersey used the Donabedian framework to identify challenges related to providing safe care during the pandemic. Respondents identified several organizational factors, including inadequate resources and staffing, which adversely impacted their ability to adhere to patient safety and infection prevention and control protocols during the pandemic.

Gilbert R, Asselbergs M, Davis D, et al. Healthcare Excellence Canada; 2023.

Patient safety requires a systems approach to identify problems and arrive at lasting solutions that reduce harm. This document encourages discussion amongst a broad base of stakeholders to address all forms of harm, such as discrimination, inequality, and psychological stress, in addition to physical injury. The resource insists these components be incorporated in work to close quality and safety gaps across the health care system.
Kim J, Cai ZR, Chen ML, et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6:e2338050.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in healthcare, but concerns have been raised that it can exacerbate existing disparities because of underlying biases in AI tools. In this observational study, researchers evaluated biases in clinician versus AI chatbox responses to 19 clinical vignettes involving cardiology, emergency medicine, rheumatology, and dermatology. Findings indicate that both AI chatboxes and clinicians provide different clinical recommendations based on a patient’s gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status under certain clinical scenarios.
Perspective on Safety October 31, 2023

This piece focuses on workplace violence trends in healthcare settings and strategies for creating a safer healthcare environment.

This piece focuses on workplace violence trends in healthcare settings and strategies for creating a safer healthcare environment.

Cheryl B. Jones

Editor’s note: Cheryl B. Jones is a professor, director of the Hillman Scholars Program, and interim associate dean of the School of Nursing’s PhD program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. We spoke to her about workplace violence trends in healthcare settings and how we can create a safer work environment for healthcare staff.

WebM&M Case October 31, 2023

This WebM&M describes two cases illustrating several types of Electronic Health Record (EHR) errors, with a common thread of erroneous use of electronic text-generation functionality, such as copy/paste, copy forward, and automatically pulling information from other electronic sources to populate clinical notes. The commentary discusses other EHR-based documentation tools (such as dot phrases), the influence of new documentation guidelines, and the role of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to capture documentation.

Labrague LJ. Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl). 2023;Epub Oct 9.
Leadership behaviors have an important impact on the workforce and work environment in both positive and negative ways. This review summarizes how toxic leadership impacts the nursing workforce and patient safety. Within the patient safety theme, toxic leadership was significantly associated with increased falls, nosocomial infections, and medication errors.
Naya K, Aikawa G, Ouchi A, et al. PLoS One. 2023;18:e0292108.
Healthcare workers who are involved in patient safety incidents and experience adverse psychological or emotional outcomes are often referred to as second victims. This systematic review and meta-analysis found that 58% of healthcare workers in intensive care unit (ICU) settings have experienced second victim outcomes, including guilt, anxiety, anger at oneself, and decreased self-confidence. The review also found that one in five individuals took longer than 12 months to recover or did not recover at all, underscoring the importance of organizational support programs for healthcare workers involved in patient safety incidents.
Foster M, MHA BS, Mazur L. BMJ Open Qual. 2023;12:e002284.
Healthcare leadership walkarounds (LWs) involve organizational leaders visiting hospital wards to hear directly from frontline staff about concerns and what is going well. This systematic review describes the impact of LWs on organizational and patient outcomes. Most studies (11 out of 12) measured organizational or clinical outcomes. Organizational outcomes included staff perception of safety culture, near miss reports, teamwork, and feeling heard. Only one study investigated the association between LWs and clinical outcomes; in that study, catheter-associated urinary tract infections decreased following implementation of LW.

BMJ 2023(383):2219, 2278, 2319, 2331.

This compendium of editorials and opinion pieces discuss “Martha’s Rule,” a new policy in the United Kingdom motivated by the death of a pediatric patient to sepsis and the systemic weaknesses contributing to the adverse outcome. The policy is intended to encourage patients and caregivers to request a second opinion if a patient’s health condition is deteriorating and they feel their concerns are not being taken seriously by the healthcare team. The articles discuss the importance effective communication between clinicians, caregivers, and patients, mitigating adverse impacts of hierarchies, and the role of patient and caregiver engagement in the design of safe healthcare systems.
Gandhi TK, Schulson LB, Thomas AD. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2023;Epub Sept 12.
Safety event reporting from both providers and patients is subject to bias. The authors of this commentary present several ways bias is introduced into reporting and offers strategies to ensure events are reported and analyzed in an equitable manner.