Patient safety in dermatology has received increasing attention over the past ten years. Part 1 of this series provides examples of patient safety concerns in dermatology (e.g., medication errors, teledermatology) and how key patient safety concepts such as safety culture and root cause analysis can be applied in dermatology settings. Part 2 of this series applies three quality improvement frameworks (LEAN, Six Sigma, and IHI-QI) can be used to improve the quality and safety of dermatology practice.

Independent investigations examine system weaknesses in health care to inform improvement, reduce risk, and prevent harm. This organization -- formally known as the Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch or HSIB -- collects information from individuals, groups, and organizations to identify and analyze incidents of substandard care and to proactively provide recommendations to reduce conditions that perpetuate failure in the National Health Service. Investigation areas include medication delivery for older patients and safe maternity care.

Operating room fires are never events that, while rare, still harbor great potential for harm. This review discusses settings prone to surgical fire events, prevention strategies, and care management steps should patients be harmed by an operating room fire.

The National Quality Forum has defined 29 never events—patient safety problems that should never occur, such as wrong-site surgery. Since 2003, Minnesota hospitals have been required to report such incidents. The 2022 report summarizes information about 572 adverse events that were reported, representing a significant increase in the year covered. Earlier reports prior to the last two years reflect a fairly consistent count of adverse events. The rise documented here is likely due to demands on staffing and care processes associated with COVID-19 and general increases in patient complexity and subsequent length of stay. Pressure ulcers and fall-related injuries were the most common incidents recorded. Reports from previous years are available.

This annual report summarizes never events in Maryland hospitals over the previous year. During fiscal year 2022, reported events increased due to the COVID pandemic, workforce shortages and other system demands. Events contributing to patient deaths and severe harm from preventable medical errors during the time period doubled. The authors recommend several corrective actions to enhance improvement work, including board and executive leadership engagement in safety work and application of high-reliability concepts to enhance safety culture.