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Successful development of a just culture centers on understanding different types of flawed human behavior and designing effective organizational responses to these failures. This article compares human error, at-risk behavior, and reckless behavior to suggest systems design changes for patient safety programs to generate opportunities for improvement.  

Organizations are encouraged to learn from failure. The authors surveyed hospital pharmacists to explore how organizational learnings relates to safety culture and found that the strongest contributors to safety culture were organizations prioritizing and supporting training and education.