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The PSNet Collection: All Content

The AHRQ PSNet Collection comprises an extensive selection of resources relevant to the patient safety community. These resources come in a variety of formats, including literature, research, tools, and Web sites. Resources are identified using the National Library of Medicine’s Medline database, various news and content aggregators, and the expertise of the AHRQ PSNet editorial and technical teams.

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Displaying 1 - 20 of 191 Results
St Paul, MN: Minnesota Department of Health.
The National Quality Forum has defined 29 never events—patient safety problems that should never occur, such as wrong-site surgery. Since 2003, Minnesota hospitals have been required to report such incidents. The 2022 report summarizes information about 572 adverse events that were reported, representing a significant increase in the year covered. Earlier reports prior to the last two years reflect a fairly consistent count of adverse events. The rise documented here is likely due to demands on staffing and care processes associated with COVID-19 and general increases in patient complexity and subsequent length of stay. Pressure ulcers and fall-related injuries were the most common incidents recorded. Reports from previous years are available.
Patient Safety Primer August 30, 2023
Anyone can find it challenging to understand medical terms, and millions of Americans have trouble understanding and acting upon health information. The mismatch between individuals' health literacy skills and the complexity of health information and health care tasks involved in managing health has implications on patient safety.
Riester MR, Goyal P, Steinman MA, et al. J Gen Intern Med. 2023;38:1563-1566.
Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescribing in older adults is common and can lead to medication-related harm. This retrospective study of Medicare beneficiaries estimated that the prevalence of PIM use was 77% among long-stay nursing home residents (defined as >101 consecutive days in a nursing home). The most common PIMs were benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, and insulin.
Gallagher TH, Hemmelgarn C, Benjamin EM. BMJ Qual Saf. 2023;32:557-561.
Numerous organizations promote communication with patients and families after harm has occurred due to medical error. This commentary reflects on perceived barriers to patient disclosure and describes the patient and family perspectives and needs following harm. The authors promote the use of Communication and Resolution Programs (CRP) such as the learning community Pathway to Accountability, Compassion, and Transparency (PACT) to advance research, policy, and transparency regarding patient harm.
Ayre MJ, Lewis PJ, Keers RN. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23:417.
Medication safety in inpatient and outpatient settings is a major focus of patient safety efforts. This review included 79 studies on epidemiology, etiology, or interventions related to psychiatric medication safety in primary care (e.g., general practice, community pharmacy, long-term care). Most studies focused on older adults and potentially inappropriate prescribing. The authors recommend future research on wider age groups and underrepresented mental health diagnosis, such as attention deficient hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. 2023.

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) offers many practical tools and resources to help healthcare organizations, providers, and others make patient care safer These tools are based on research, and they can assist staff in hospitals, emergency departments, long-term care facilities, and ambulatory settings to prevent avoidable complications of care. The purpose of this challenge is to elicit new narratives of how AHRQ toolkits are being used. Up to ten winners will receive $10,000 each. Submissions are due October 27, 2023.
Sanghavi P, Chen Z. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6:e2314822.
Underreporting patient safety events can hinder opportunities for improvement. Building on previous research, this study examined the association between nursing home characteristics and reporting patterns for two measures of nursing home care quality (falls with major injury and pressure ulcers). Findings suggest underreporting of both measures, and researchers identified an association between underreporting and the racial and ethnic composition of the nursing home facility. 
Patient Safety Primer May 31, 2023

Anyone can find it challenging to understand medical terms, and millions of Americans have trouble understanding and acting upon health information. Health literate organizations make health systems easier to navigate and health information easier to understand, improving healthcare delivery and outcomes.

Kepner S, Bingman C, Jones RM. Patient Saf. 2023;5:20-31.
Healthcare-associated infections remain a patient safety issue at long-term care facilities. Based on incident data from the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System (PA-PSRS), this analysis found that healthcare-associated infections in long-term care settings increased by 12.5% between 2021 and 2022; over half of this increase is due to an increase in respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.

Covid Crisis Group. New York: Public Affairs; 2023. ISBN‏: ‎9781541703803.

The transfer of failure experiences to generate learning and improve service is a complicated responsibility. This book examines breakdowns in the US response to the COVID-19 epidemic to understand causes of the problems, in order to better prepare health care, government, and public health systems for future pandemics. It also discusses what successes were achieved and how to capitalize on those improvements.
Pennsylvania Patient Safety Authority. Harrisburg, PA: Patient Safety Authority; April 2023.
This report summarizes patient safety improvement work in the state of Pennsylvania. It reviews the 2022 activities of the Patient Safety Authority that reflected a strategic emphasis on reporting compliance and data quality. Additional sections cover educational, publication, and learning management system efforts.
Patient Safety Primer April 26, 2023

Patient safety indicators are tools used to assess the frequency, severity, and impact of potential harms in health care, both within health care organizations and at the health care system, regional, and national levels. This primer describes how patient safety indicators are applied in acute, ambulatory, and post-acute care settings and how these indicators are being incorporated into new federal healthcare quality measurement initiatives.  

Evans ME, Simbartl LA, Kralovic SM, et al. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2023;44:420-426.
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are among the most common complications of hospital or long-term care stays. HAI data reported to the Veterans Affairs centralized database was analyzed to determine rates of several HAIs, both before and during the pandemic, to assess changes. Rates were variable in acute care and no changes were seen in long-term care.
Holland R, Bond CM, Alldred DP, et al. BMJ. 2023;380:e071883.
Careful medication management in long-term care residents is associated with improved hospital readmission rates and reduced fall rates. In the UK, pharmacist independent prescribers (PIP) can initiate, change, or monitor medications, and this cluster randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of PIPs on fall rates. After six months of PIP involvement, fall rates (the primary outcome) were not statistically different than the usual care group, although drug burden was reduced.
St Clair B, Jorgensen M, Nguyen A, et al. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2022;8:23337214221144192.
Older adults in long-term care settings can be vulnerable to patient safety incidents. This scoping review of 46 articles identified several gaps in the research on adverse events in long-term care and nursing home settings, including the absence of resident perspectives regarding safety and the role of interpersonal and environmental factors on the incidence of adverse events.
Świtalski J, Wnuk K, Tatara T, et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:15354.
Improving patient safety in long-term care facilities is an ongoing challenge. This systematic review identified three types of interventions that can improve safety in long-term care facilities – (1) promoting safety culture, (2) reducing occupational stress and burnout, and (3) increasing medication safety.
Kim K-A, Lee J, Kim D, et al. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22:1376.
Safety culture has been shown to be associated with nursing home quality indicators such as discharge to community and injuries related to falls and catheters. Numerous surveys exist to measure safety culture. This review identified seven measurement tools, and the most frequently used tool was the Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, and Modified Stanford Patient Safety Culture Survey Instrument were also used.
Farrell TW, Hung WW, Unroe KT, et al. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2022;70:3366-3377.
Research into the impact of racism on health outcomes has increased in recent years, but there has been less emphasis on ageism or the intersection of ageism and racism. This commentary highlights the ways racism (e.g., clinical algorithms), ageism (e.g., proposed measures to ration care) and the intersection of the two (increased morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 on older people of color) impacts health outcomes. Recommendations for current clinicians and health profession educators are provided.
Temkin-Greener H, Mao Y, McGarry B, et al. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2022;23:1997-2002.e3.
Long-term care facilities can struggle with establishing a safety culture. Researchers in this study adapted the AHRQ Surveys on Patient Safety Culture™ (SOPS®) Nursing Home Survey to assess patient safety culture in assisted living facilities. Findings show that direct care workers had significantly worse perceptions of patient safety culture (including nonpunitive responses to mistakes, management support for resident safety, and teamwork) compared to administrators. A PSNet perspective discusses how to change safety culture.
Sachs JD, Karim SSA, Aknin L, et al. Lancet. 2022;400:1224-1280.
COVID-19 illuminated gaps in emergency preparedness and healthcare delivery in the face of a global pandemic. This report from the Lancet Commission identifies strategies for strengthening the multilateral system to address global emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The report describes a conceptual framework for understanding pandemics; reviews global, regional, and national responses to the COVID-19 pandemic; and provides recommendations for ending the COVID-19 pandemic and preparing for future pandemics.