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The provision of unneeded care can result in physical, financial, and psychological harm to patients. This commentary explores factors in health care that contribute to overtreatment and recommends reducing financial incentives for providing low-value care by increasing transparency regarding clinician conflict of interest and engaging insurers in changing clinician behaviors.

Heuristics and cognitive biases can contribute to uninformed decision making. This review explores how biases affect overuse and suggests patient stories, huddles, and shared decision making as strategies to mitigate cognitive biases in health care.