A recent report by the National Patient Safety Foundation called for medical schools and residency programs to reengineer their curricula to emphasize patient safety and quality improvement (QI) concepts. This systematic review evaluated the published literature on existing safety and QI curricula, and found that curricula were generally popular among trainees and resulted in increased knowledge of safety or QI concepts. Curricula focused on teaching systems analysis and continuous quality improvement principles, and some studies did find improvement in care processes associated with the educational intervention.