"It matters what I think, not what you say": scientific evidence for a medical error disclosure competence (MEDC) model.

Patients and families as teachers: a mixed methods assessment of a collaborative learning model for medical error disclosure and prevention.

Langer T, Martinez W, Browning DM, Varrin P, Sarnoff Lee B, Bell SK. BMJ Qual Saf. 2016;25:615-625.

When a surgeon should just say 'I'm sorry'.

Cohen E. CNN. March 24, 2016.

An experimental study of medical error explanations: do apology, empathy, corrective action, and compensation alter intentions and attitudes?

Nazione S, Pace K. J Health Commun. 2015;20:1422-1432.

Apologies following an adverse medical event: the importance of focusing on the consumer's needs.

Allan A, McKillop D, Dooley J, Allan MM, Preece DA. Patient Educ Couns. 2015;98:1058-1062.

Shining a Light: Safer Health Care Through Transparency.

Boston, MA: National Patient Safety Foundation Lucian Leape Institute; January 2015.

Patient- and family-centered care: error disclosure and investigation.

Connor M, Wayman KI, Garcia C, Fischer PR; Consortium for Maximizing Family-Centered Care. Patient Saf Qual Healthc. September/October 2014;11:36,38-40,42.

The association of hospital quality ratings with adverse events.

Weissman JS, López L, Schneider EC, Epstein AM, Lipsitz S, Weingart SN. Int J Qual Health Care. 2014;26:129-135.

Communication-and-resolution programs: the challenges and lessons learned from six early adopters.

Mello MM, Boothman RC, McDonald T, et al. Health Aff (Millwood). 2014;33:20-29.

How policy makers can smooth the way for communication-and-resolution programs.

Sage WM, Gallagher TH, Armstrong S, et al. Health Aff (Millwood). 2014;33:11-19.

It's time to say sorry.

Coombes R. BMJ Podcast. June 1, 2012.

Apology for errors: whose responsibility?

Leape LL. Front Health Serv Manage. 2012;28:3-12.

More than words: patients' views on apology and disclosure when things go wrong in cancer care.

Mazor KM, Greene SM, Roblin D, et al. Patient Educ Couns. 2013;90:341-346.

Patients' and family members' views on how clinicians enact and how they should enact incident disclosure: the "100 patient stories" qualitative study.

Iedema R, Allen S, Britton K, et al. BMJ. 2011;343:d4423.

Shedding light on the dark side of doctor–patient interactions: verbal and nonverbal messages physicians communicate during error disclosures.

Hannawa AF. Patient Educ Couns. 2011;84:344-351.

Talking with Patients and Families about Medical Error: A Guide for Education and Practice.

Truog RD, Browning DM, Johnson JA, Gallagher TH. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2011. ISBN: 0801898048.

The faces of medical error...from tears to transparency.

The Empowered Patient Coalition; 2010.

A new structure of attention? Open disclosure of adverse events to patients and their families.

Iedema R, Jorm C, Wakefield J, Ryan C, Sorensen R. J Lang Social Psychol. 2009;28:139-157.

Disclosing errors to patients: perspectives of registered nurses.

Shannon SE, Foglia MB, Hardy M, Gallagher TH. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2009;35:5-12.

Health care professionals' views of implementing a policy of open disclosure of errors.

Sorensen R, Iedema R, Piper D, Manias E, Williams A, Tuckett A. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2008;13:227-232.

Patients' and family members' experiences of open disclosure following adverse events.

Iedema R, Sorensen R, Manias E, et al. Int J Qual Health Care. 2008;20:421-432.