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Approach to Improving Safety
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Book/Report
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs: Evidence-based Practices to Optimize Prescriber Use.
Philadelphia, PA: Pew Charitable Trusts and Institute for Behavioral Health, Heller School for Social Policy and Management at Brandeis University; 2016.
Drug monitoring systems can help track opioid prescription activity to mitigate the opioid crisis. Highlighting the value of these state-sponsored programs to reduce overprescribing, this report recommends eight practices to optimize the use of prescription drug monitoring programs and review state adoption of them. The strategies include simplifying the prescriber enrollment process and integrating health information technology.
Journal Article > Study
Preventing iatrogenic overdose: a review of in–emergency department opioid-related adverse drug events and medication errors.
Beaudoin FL, Merchant RC, Janicki A, McKaig DM, Babu KM. Ann Emerg Med. 2015;65:423-431.
This study was conducted using a trigger tool method in which all cases of naloxone administration in the emergency department were reviewed. Causes of iatrogenic opioid overdose included patient factors such as comorbid conditions, inappropriate prescribing practices such as coadministration of multiple opioid medications, and systems problems including suboptimal handoffs and lack of pharmacy oversight. These results clearly demonstrate the need for multimodal interventions that address the varied factors that contribute to opioid overdose in the emergency department. A recent AHRQ WebM&M commentary describes best practices for opioid prescribing.
Journal Article > Study
Sustaining and spreading the reduction of adverse drug events in a multicenter collaborative.
Tham E, Calmes HM, Poppy A, et al. Pediatrics. 2011;128:e438-e445.
Pediatric inpatients are at high risk for adverse drug events (ADEs). Pediatric-specific trigger tools and computerized surveillance systems are effective methods to detect ADEs and identify opportunities for prevention. This performance-improvement collaborative implemented a multifaceted change strategy in 13 institutions and produced a 42% reduction in ADEs. The change strategies included efforts to reduce interruptions during medication administration, adopt consensus-based protocols and order sets, ensure high reliability with the Five Rights, and foster a culture of safety. The interventions had the greatest impact on opioid-related ADEs, which decreased by 51% across participating hospitals. The authors recommend using quality improvement collaboratives to drive improved patient care.
Journal Article > Study
Risk of adverse drug events in neonates treated with opioids and the effect of a bar-code–assisted medication administration system.
Morriss FH, Jr, Abramowitz PW, Nelson SP, Milavetz G, Michael SL, Gordon SN. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2011;68:57-62.
This study observed that neonates receiving opioids in the intensive care setting were at increased risk of a preventable adverse drug event. Implementation of a bar-code–assisted medication administration system reduced the risk of harm from opioid medication errors.
Journal Article > Study
Identifying causes of adverse events detected by an automated trigger tool through in-depth analysis.
Muething SE, Conway PH, Kloppenborg E, et al. Qual Saf Health Care. 2010;19:435-439.
In this study, investigators identified possible medication errors using trigger tools, and a multidisciplinary team conducted real-time analyses to identify underlying system flaws contributing to the errors.
Journal Article > Study
Improved pain resolution in hospitalized patients through targeting of pain mismanagement as medical error.
Okon TR, Lutz PS, Liang H. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2009;37:1039-1049.
A quality improvement intervention that focused on management of acute pain resulted in both improved pain relief for patients and a reduction in medication errors associated with opioid pain medications.
