Search results for "Ordering/Prescribing Errors"

Opioid use has become a growing patient safety concern. Recent studies have documented wide variation in opioid prescribing for acute pain and a significant rate of chronic opioid use after patients receive a first prescription for an acute indication. This retrospective medical record review study identified risk factors for remaining on an opioid medication for more than 1 year following their initial prescription. Older, female, and publicly or self-insured patients were more likely to remain on an opioid compared with younger, male, and privately insured patients. Patients started on higher doses (cumulative dose ≥ 700 mg morphine equivalent), provided prescriptions with longer duration (more than 10 days), or given 3 or more prescriptions for opioids were most likely to continue to use opioid medications 1 year later. The authors recommend prescribing fewer than 7 days of opioids for acute pain and adhering to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline for opioid use to improve prescribing practices.

Concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines increases risk for adverse drug events. This retrospective analysis of medical claims found that the risk of emergency department visit was greater for patients with concurrent use of these two medication classes compared to patients on opioids alone. This finding supports the recommendation to avoid coprescribing these two medication classes.

Opioid-related harm, including overdose deaths, has reached epidemic proportions. This study used a difference-in-differences analysis to examine whether a policy approach could reduce harm from opioid misuse. Investigators compared states with and without mandated provider review of drug monitoring data. In states with mandated review, opioid prescribers must check whether patients are receiving opioids from multiple prescribers and identify the total prescribed opioid dose. States with mandated review policies had fewer opioid overdose deaths and lower amounts of opioids prescribed than states without mandated prescriber review. These results are consistent with a prior study that established the benefit of prescription drug monitoring programs. The authors assert that despite the effectiveness of this policy, more interventions are needed to enhance opioid safety, as suggested in a recent study. A previous WebM&M commentary described opioid-related harm.

Misuse of prescription opioids represents a serious patient safety issue. In this study, investigators examined opioid prescribing to Medicare beneficiaries upon hospital discharge. They found that new opioid use was common after discharge and that prescribing rates varied widely across hospitals.

Concerns about patient harm from prescription opioid misuse are increasing in the United States. This website provides guidelines for use of opioid medications and information to raise awareness about the need to improve physicians' prescribing decisions and patients' medication use.

Adverse drug events among outpatients are common and can lead to preventable complications. Conducted in primary care practices, this cluster-randomized trial found that a combination of professional education, electronic health record alerts, and financial incentives for practices to review potentially inappropriate prescribing decreased high-risk medication prescriptions. Investigators also observed a decrease in two of the three medication-related complications associated with use of high-risk medications, suggesting a clinical benefit to this intervention. The success of this study argues for similar larger-scale, multi-modal patient safety studies to detect modest but significant improvements.

Opioid medications are a known safety hazard, and overdoses of opioid medications are considered an epidemic in the United States. This cohort study examined treatment patterns for patients who had experienced a nonfatal opioid overdose. More than 90% of patients were prescribed opioids following such events, and within 2 years up to 17% of those patients experienced another overdose event. An accompanying editorial notes the lack of systems to ensure clinicians' awareness of patients' opioid overdoses and recommends enhancing training and support so that clinicians are prepared to treat chronic pain and addiction. New approaches are urgently needed given this crisis in medication safety. A previous WebM&M commentary discussed the challenges of prescribing safely for chronic opioid users.

Overprescribing can increase risk of dementia, particularly among older patients. This commentary describes an incident involving a patient with moderate dementia that worsened when opioids were prescribed following a fall. After a geriatrician evaluated the patient and suspected polypharmacy, the drugs were stopped, caregivers were educated about how to treat the patient, and the patient improved. Highlighting the importance of environmental interventions in treating this patient, the author reviews strategies to address neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia.

A cancer patient expecting to be discharged from the hospital after his usual 3-day regimen was surprised to hear that he has 2 more days of chemotherapy. He asked to speak with the oncology team, who discovered that although the right medications were ordered, the wrong duration and dosage were selected on the order set.

This cross-sectional study found that more than one quarter of opioid prescriptions at a teaching hospital contained at least one error.

The vast majority of warnings about warfarin (a commonly prescribed anticoagulant) generated by a bar-code medication administration system were clinically insignificant.

This study describes how implementation of a computerized provider order entry system reduced errors associated with prescribing oral chemotherapy.

Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) systems prevent prescribing errors by warning clinicians about medication interactions or contraindications. However, extensive research has shown that clinicians ignore many warnings, especially those perceived as clinically inconsequential. In this randomized trial, investigators created a "hard stop" warning that essentially prevented co-prescribing of warfarin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (a combination that exposes patients to severe bleeding risks). Although the hard stop was much more successful than a less stringent warning at preventing co-prescribing, the trial was stopped and the warning abandoned because several patients experienced delays in needed treatment with one of the drugs. The accompanying editorial by Dr. David Bates points out that this study vividly illustrates the unintended consequences of CPOE, a persistent issue that has slowed the pace of CPOE implementation.

The incidence of prescribing errors for chemotherapy drugs remained relatively high in this study, at 10 per 1000 orders, despite use of a computerized provider order entry system.

This article discusses a case of data entry error in an electronic prescribing system, explains the contributing factors, and provides recommendations to prevent such errors.

Patient safety reporting systems are commonplace in most organizations as a tool to identify, track, and potentially prevent adverse events despite their known limitations. Heparin is a high-risk medication that frequently generates incident reports, and significant efforts have been established to ensure its safe use. This study reviewed reported heparin errors from three large patient safety reporting systems—MEDMARX, the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Authority, and the University Health Consortium (an alliance of academic medical centers)—to capture events from more than 1000 organizations. Of the 300,000 medication events reported, approximately 4% involved heparin products, with the administration phase being the most frequently cited. As this was the first study to combine three large sources of reporting data for a single process, the authors point out the consistent patterns detected, suggesting diminishing returns from aggregating reports around common events.

Patients hospitalized for cardiac problems are vulnerable to experiencing medication errors, as they are commonly prescribed high-risk medications such as anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents. This analysis of more than 22,000 hemodialysis patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) (for example, angioplasty) found that 22.3% were administered either enoxaparin or eptifibatide, medications that are contraindicated in dialysis patients due to excessive bleeding risk. This risk was borne out in the study, as patients who received the contraindicated medications did in fact have more major bleeding episodes. The high prevalence of serious medication errors in this study argues for education and use of forcing functions to prevent misuse of these medications.

This news story reports on the death of a pediatric patient after he was mistakenly prescribed fentanyl for pain management following a dental procedure. The hospital disclosed the error and has publicly apologized.

A powerful anti-clotting medication is ordered for a patient admitted for coronary intervention. Due to a forcing function in the computer order entry system, the intern enters an arbitrary maintenance infusion rate, assuming that the pharmacy will fix it if it is wrong. The pharmacy dispenses it as written, and the nurse administers it—underdosing the patient by a factor of 40.

An alert that warned physicians to adjust drug dosages for patients with renal insufficiency failed to reduce inappropriate prescriptions.