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March 8, 2023 Weekly Issue
PSNet highlights the latest patient safety literature, news, and expert commentary, including Weekly Updates, WebM&M, and Perspectives on Safety. The current issue highlights what's new this week in patient safety literature, news, conferences, reports, and more. Past issues of the PSNet Weekly Update are available to browse. WebM&M presents current and past monthly issues of Cases & Commentaries and Perspectives on Safety.
This Week’s Featured Articles
Oksholm T, Gissum KR, Hunskår I, et al. J Adv Nurs. 2023;79:2098-2118.
Transitions of care can increase risks for patient safety events. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of interventions aimed to increase patient safety during transitions of care between the hospital and home. The authors identified several interventions from previously published studies which increased patient safety and/or patient satisfaction and identified factors that contribute to effective transitions of care (i.e., nurse follow-up, pre-discharge patient education, and contact with local healthcare services).
Rennert L, Howard KA, Walker KB, et al. J Patient Saf. 2023;19:71-78.
High-risk opioid prescribing can increase the risk of abuse and overdose. This study evaluated the impact of four opioid prescribing policies for opioid-naïve patients – nonopioid medications during surgery, decreased opioid doses in operating rooms, standardized electronic health record alerts, and limits on postoperative opioid supply – implemented by one opioid stewardship program in a large US healthcare system between 2016 and 2018. Post-implementation, researchers observed decreases in postoperative opioid prescription doses, fewer opioid prescription refills, and less patient-reported discharge pain.
Snoswell CL, De Guzman KR, Barras M. Intern Med J. 2023;53:95-103.
Community pharmacists play an important role in ensuring patient safety. This retrospective analysis of 18 outpatient pharmacy clinics evaluated pharmacist recommendations and impacts on medication-related safety. Researchers indicated that outpatient pharmacists were effective in resolving 82% of medication-related problems; 18% of these involved high-risk recommendations, such as medication interactions.
Aydin Akbuga G, Sürme Y, Esenkaya D. AORN J. 2023;117:e1-e10.
The World Health Organization’s Surgical Safety Checklist has been used in populations around the globe to reduce surgical complications and improve operating room teamwork. This mixed methods study involved nearly 150 surgical nurses in Turkey. Nurses reported inconsistent use of the checklist, described barriers to its use, and offered suggestions to increase compliance with completion.
Kuzma N, Khan A, Rickey L, et al. J Hosp Med. 2023;8:316-320.
I-PASS, a structured hand-off tool, can reduce preventable adverse events during transitions of care. Previously published studies have shown that Patient and Family-Centered (PFC) I-PASS rounds reduced preventable and non-preventable adverse events (AE) in hospitalized children. This study presents additional analysis, comparing AE rates in children with complex chronic conditions (CCC) to those without. Results show a reduction in AE in both groups, with no statistically significant differences between the groups, suggesting PFC I-PASS may be generalizable to broader groups of patients without needing modification.
Rennert L, Howard KA, Walker KB, et al. J Patient Saf. 2023;19:71-78.
High-risk opioid prescribing can increase the risk of abuse and overdose. This study evaluated the impact of four opioid prescribing policies for opioid-naïve patients – nonopioid medications during surgery, decreased opioid doses in operating rooms, standardized electronic health record alerts, and limits on postoperative opioid supply – implemented by one opioid stewardship program in a large US healthcare system between 2016 and 2018. Post-implementation, researchers observed decreases in postoperative opioid prescription doses, fewer opioid prescription refills, and less patient-reported discharge pain.
Halligan D, Janes G, Conner M, et al. J Patient Saf. 2023;19:143-150.
Reducing low-value tests and treatments has been a focus of patient safety efforts, but less attention has been focused on low-value patient safety practices (PSP). This study describes the concept of “safety clutter” and understanding which PSP are of low-value, ineffective, and could be discontinued. Frequently cited PSP included paperwork, duplication, and intentional rounding.
Snoswell CL, De Guzman KR, Barras M. Intern Med J. 2023;53:95-103.
Community pharmacists play an important role in ensuring patient safety. This retrospective analysis of 18 outpatient pharmacy clinics evaluated pharmacist recommendations and impacts on medication-related safety. Researchers indicated that outpatient pharmacists were effective in resolving 82% of medication-related problems; 18% of these involved high-risk recommendations, such as medication interactions.
Mambrey V, Angerer P, Loerbroks A. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22:1501.
Committing errors can result in significant emotional impact on clinicians. In this study, a survey of medical assistants in Germany found that poor collaboration was a key predictor of concerns for having committed a medical error.
Ducey A, Donoso C, Ross S, et al. Sociol Health Illn. 2023;45:346-365.
Research has identified variations in treatment that are unlikely to be related to patient characteristics, such as region. In this study, surgeons describe their preferences for and experiences with a device which caused widespread harm to women and was ultimately recalled by several patient safety agencies: transvaginal mesh for the treatment of pelvic floor devices in women. Even when surgeons arrived at the same decision (to perform surgery or not), wide variations were observed during the decision-making process.
Brimhall KC, Tsai C-Y, Eckardt R, et al. Health Care Manage Rev. 2023;48:120-129.
Workers who experience psychological safety in their organization are more likely to speak up about safety concerns. This study reports on how trust and psychological safety interact to increase error reporting. Results indicate that trust in leaders encouraged error reporting and psychological safety encouraged learning from mistakes.
Buja A, De Luca G, Ottolitri K, et al. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2023;16:9.
Failure Mode, Effect and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) is a prospective method for identifying and preventing potential error risks. Using FMECA, public health medical residents calculated a Risk Priority Number (RPN), or criticality, for each possible failure mode in cancer treatment prescription and administration. Each phase of the cancer treatment process had at least one critical step identified, and actions were developed to reduce the likelihood of the error occurring and/or to increase the likelihood of the error being detected.
Benishek LE, Kachalia A, Daugherty Biddison L. JAMA. 2023;329:1149-1150.
The quality and culture of the health care work environment is known to affect care delivery. This commentary discusses human-centered and participatory design approaches as avenues for developing improvements in clinician well-being that will enhance safety for staff, providers, and patients.
Rojas CR, Moore A, Coffin A, et al. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2023;49:226-234.
Children with complex medical conditions are particularly vulnerable to medication errors. This article describes the development and implementation of a pharmacy-led medication rounding care model for children with medical complexity wherein clinicians and pharmacists conduct weekly reviews of all patient medications using a standardized checklist.
McCarty DB. Adv Neonatal Care. 2023;23:31-39.
Racism is increasingly seen as a major contributor to poor maternal care and adverse outcomes. This article summarizes racial health disparities impacting patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and interventions to reduce racial bias in the NICU.
Bell T, Sprajcer M, Flenady T, et al. J Clin Nurs. 2023;32:5445-5460.
Fatigue is a known contributor to adverse events and near misses. Researchers summarized 38 studies on the impact of fatigue on nurses’ medication administration errors (MAE) or near misses. Thirty-one studies reported that long hours, shift work, overtime, and/or poor sleep quality contributed to MAE and near miss, but results and methods of measuring fatigue were inconsistent.
Atey TM, Peterson GM, Salahudeen MS, et al. Emerg Med J. 2023;40:120-127.
Pharmacists are increasingly involved in the emergency department (ED) medication process. This review summarizes the characteristics and impacts of interventions. The most common type of intervention is medication review/reconciliation and/or identification and resolution of medication errors. Interventions including pharmacist co-prescribing or co-charting in the ED resulted in the largest reduction in medication errors.
Oksholm T, Gissum KR, Hunskår I, et al. J Adv Nurs. 2023;79:2098-2118.
Transitions of care can increase risks for patient safety events. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of interventions aimed to increase patient safety during transitions of care between the hospital and home. The authors identified several interventions from previously published studies which increased patient safety and/or patient satisfaction and identified factors that contribute to effective transitions of care (i.e., nurse follow-up, pre-discharge patient education, and contact with local healthcare services).
Vanstone M, Canfield C, Evans C, et al. Health Res Policy Syst. 2023;21:12.
Patient engagement is a cornerstone of patient safety initiatives. This systematic review explored how patients and caregivers are engaged as partners in healthcare, particularly in cancer care and mental health care.
No results.
Special or Theme Issue
ISMP Medication Safety Alert! Acute care edition. February 23, 2023;28(4):1-4; March 9, 2023:28(5):1-4.
Drug diversion can reduce patient safety and should be addressed at a system level to reduce its occurrence and impact. Part I of this two-part series examines ways in which drug diversion can affect care teams, and outlines what to watch for to flag its occurrence at the clinician, record keeping, and medication inventory levels. Part II shares tactics to minimize controlled substance diversion, and track, document and take action when it does occur.
Newspaper/Magazine Article
Derfel A. Montreal Gazette. February 24- March 1, 2023
Emergency room failures are often rooted in system weaknesses. This series examines six patient deaths associated with emergency care that, while concerns were raised by nursing staff, have not been explored to initiate improvements at the facility. Factors contributing to the deaths discussed include nurse shortages, inconsistent oversight, and poor training.
Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. February 15, 2023. RFA-HS-23-002.
Equity improvements are gaining increased traction as a patient safety strategy. This announcement seeks proposals that would use dissemination and implementation science to fill evidence gaps critical to the development, adaption, implementation, and evaluation of equity-focused evidence-based interventions to accelerate health equity within healthcare delivery systems. The application process is now closed.
Multi-use Website
Food and Drug Administration. February 23. 2023.
Mismatches of medical device connectors are known factors in therapeutic agent administration failures, despite efforts to redesign equipment and minimize their occurrence. This series of case studies drawn from reports submitted to the Food and Drug Administration illustrates a variety of misconnection scenarios to demonstrate situations that have a range of potential for patient harm.
Newspaper/Magazine Article
Reed J. BBC. February 27, 2023.
Stressful and caustic work environments are known to compromise health care safety and teamwork. This news story discusses an ongoing investigation in the British National Health Service to examine factors in ambulance services that minimize its safety and effectiveness. Clinicians interviewed revealed serious problems with the work cultures.
This Month’s WebM&Ms
WebM&M Cases
Christian Bohringer, MD |
A 48-year-old woman was placed under general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask. The anesthesiologist was distracted briefly to sign for opioid drugs in a register, and during this time, the end-tidal carbon dioxide alarm sounded. Attempts to manually ventilate the patient were unsuccessful. The anesthesiologist asked for suxamethonium (succinylcholine) but the drug refrigerator was broken and the medication had to be retrieved from another room. The commentary discusses risk factors for laryngospasm, strategies to minimize distractions in the operating room and the importance of readily available neuromuscular blocking drugs and airway resuscitation equipment in operating rooms and other patient areas where laryngospasm is likely to occur.
WebM&M Cases
Nisha Punatar, MD, Samson Lee, PharmD, BCACP, and Mithu Molla, MD, MBA |
The cases described in this WebM&M reflect fragmented care with lapses in coordination and communication as well as failure to appropriately address medication discrepancies. These two cases involve duplicate therapy errors, which have the potential to cause serious adverse drug events. The commentary summarizes risk factors for medication discrepancies and approaches for safer medication administration, including the use of teach-back counseling, pharmacy-led medication reconciliation during transitions of care, and electronic health record-based strategies for safer prescribing.
WebM&M Cases
Spotlight Case
Jonathan Trask, RN, Kathleen M. Carlsen, PA, Brooks T. Kuhn, MD |
A 72-year-old man was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and ileus, and admitted to a specialized COVID care unit. A nasogastric tube (NGT) was placed, supplemental oxygen was provided, and oral feedings were withheld. Early in his hospital stay, the patient developed hyperactive delirium and pulled out his NGT. Haloperidol was ordered for use as needed (“prn”) and the nurse was asked to replace the NGT and confirm placement by X-ray. The bedside and charge nurses had difficulty placing the NGT and the X-ray confirmation was not done. Eight hours later, the patient became hypotensive and hypoxemic and emergent CT revealed a gastric perforation. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit and ultimately required endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation. The commentary discusses the complications associated with nasogastric tube insertion, assessing and treating acute agitation secondary to delirium, and the importance of clear communication during shift changes and handoffs.
This Month’s Perspectives
Interview
Christie Allen is the Senior Director of Quality Improvement at the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG). We spoke to her about her experience in maternal safety and improving perinatal mental healthcare, which is care for mental health conditions during pregnancy and the twelve months following delivery
Perspective
<p>Christie Allen, MSN, RNC-NIC, CPHQ, C-ONQS, Cindy Manaoat Van, MHSA, Sarah E. Mossburg, RN, PhD</p>
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This piece focuses on perinatal mental health and efforts to improve maternal safety.
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