Email Updates
April 19, 2023 Weekly Issue
PSNet highlights the latest patient safety literature, news, and expert commentary, including Weekly Updates, WebM&M, and Perspectives on Safety. The current issue highlights what's new this week in patient safety literature, news, conferences, reports, and more. Past issues of the PSNet Weekly Update are available to browse. WebM&M presents current and past monthly issues of Cases & Commentaries and Perspectives on Safety.
This Week’s Featured Articles
Jeffs L, Bruno F, Zeng RL, et al. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2023;49:255-264.
Implementation science is the practice of applying research to healthcare policies and practices. This study explores the role of implementation science in the success of quality improvement projects. Inclusion of expert implementation specialists and coaches were identified as best practices for successful quality improvement and patient safety projects. COVID-19 presented challenges for some facilities, however, including halting previously successful projects.
Mahmoud HA, Thavorn K, Mulpuru S, et al. BMJ Open Qual. 2023;12:e002134.
Incident reporting systems offer important opportunities for health systems to learn from safety events and improve outcomes. This systematic review of 22 studies identified barriers and facilitators influencing how health systems use and learn from incident reporting systems. Barriers included inadequate organizational support and resources, weak safety culture, lack of training and feedback, and a punitive environment. Factors supporting continuous improvement based on incident reporting systems included continuous training for staff, a just culture, leadership investment, and tangible improvements stemming from incident analysis.
Redstone CS, Zadeh M, Wilson M-A, et al. J Patient Saf. 2023;19:173-179.
Previous research has found that central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSIs) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a quality improvement initiative (QI) at one community health system in Canada to reduce CLABSIs between July 2019 and May 2022. The QI initiative included changes in six areas – organizational oversight and accountability, education and training, standardized central line processes, optimized central line equipment, improving data and reporting, and fostering a culture of safety. Over the study period, CLABSIs were reduced by 51% and the use of both central line insertion checklists and central line capped lumens increased.
Keers RN, Wainwright V, McFadzean J, et al. PLOS One. 2023;18:e0282021.
Prisons present unique challenges in providing, as well as in measuring, safe patient care. This article describes structures and processes within prison systems that may contribute to avoidable harm, such as limited staffing and security to travel to healthcare appointments. The result is a two-tier definition taking into consideration the unique context of prison healthcare.
Stone A, Jiang ST, Stahl MC, et al. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023;149:424-429.
Identifying and classifying adverse events is an important, yet often challenging, component of incident reporting. This article describes the development and testing of a novel Quality Improvement Classification System (QICS) designed to incorporate adverse events in both inpatient and outpatient settings across medical and surgical specialties in order to capture a broader range of outcomes related to patient care, including organizational issues, near-miss events, and expected deviations from ideal outcomes of surgery.
Auty SG, Barr KD, Frakt AB, et al. Addiction. 2023;118:870-879.
To combat serious adverse events (SAE) and suicide among veterans with opioid use disorder (OUD), the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) implemented the Stratification Tool for Opioid Risk Mitigation (STORM) in all VHA facilities. Patients identified as high-risk for SAE by STORM received a mandatory case review. This study focuses on high-risk patients with a new OUD diagnosis. Mandatory case review increased the odds of all-cause mortality, but not SAE. Patients whose opioids were discontinued after case review showed even higher odds of mortality.
Indarwati R, Efendi F, Fauziningtyas R, et al. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2023;16:393-400.
Promoting a culture of safety has been identified as an intervention to improve patient safety in long term care. In this study, focus groups with nursing, social work, and support staff were conducted to determine how the safety culture could be improved in four long term care facilities in Indonesia. Proposed interventions include new hire orientation, training, improvement in facility design, and increased security staff.
Grenon V, Szymonifka J, Adler-Milstein J, et al. J Patient Saf. 2023;19:211-215.
Large malpractice claims databases are increasingly used as a proxy to assess the frequency and severity of diagnostic errors. More than 5,300 closed claims with at least one diagnostic error were analyzed. No singular factor was identified; instead multiple contributing factors were implicated along the diagnostic pathway.
Gorman LS, Littlewood DL, Quinlivan L, et al. BJPsych Open. 2023;9:e54.
Families can offer a unique perspective to improve patient care. This study describes ways families keep patients safe from suicide during crisis resolution home treatment in the UK. Families increased safety by hiding medications or distracting patients who were in crisis. Challenges to involving families are detailed, as well as ways organizations can overcome those challenges.
Quan SF, Landrigan CP, Barger LK, et al. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19:673-683.
Fatigue and sleep deprivation among healthcare workers can increase the risk of errors. This prospective study including 60 attending surgeons from departments of surgery or obstetrics and gynecology at eight hospitals found that sleep deficiency was not associated with greater numbers of errors during procedures performed the next day. However, non-technical skill performance, situational awareness, and decision making were adversely associated with sleep deficiency.
Finstad AS, Aase I, Bjørshol CA, et al. BMC Med Educ. 2023;23:208.
Non-technical skills (NTS), such as teamwork, can be learned through simulation-based team training (SBTT) but must also transfer into practice to be successful. This study reports on an anesthesia team’s transfer of NTS into clinical practice through focus groups at two weeks and six months after participation in in-situ interprofessional SBTT. Participants reported improved practice, but requested more frequent SBTT and debriefing, both in practice and after trainings.
Jeffs L, Bruno F, Zeng RL, et al. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2023;49:255-264.
Implementation science is the practice of applying research to healthcare policies and practices. This study explores the role of implementation science in the success of quality improvement projects. Inclusion of expert implementation specialists and coaches were identified as best practices for successful quality improvement and patient safety projects. COVID-19 presented challenges for some facilities, however, including halting previously successful projects.
Trivedi A, Ajitsaria R, Bate T. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2022;108:115-119.
Pediatric patients are at particularly high risk for medication errors. This article describes the STAMP initiative (Safe Treatment and Administration of Medicine in Pediatrics) which aims to reduce pediatric inpatient prescribing and administration errors. The authors summarize the STAMP interventions originally implemented in 2017 and discuss the new interventions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic (between July 2020 and August 2021), which led to sustained reductions in prescribing errors.
NEJM Catalyst. April 3, 2023.
Progress in patient safety has been frustratingly slow. This commentary shares thoughts from a variety of experts in response to a 2023 analysis of adverse events in hospitalized patients that showed a persistent level of presence in United States health care. The contributions consider factors causing that stagnation and recommend actions to reinvigorate movement forward.
Commentary
Domdera J. Fam Pract Manag. 2023;30(2):24-28.
A large segment of patients receives outpatient care. This commentary suggests that high-reliability concepts be applied in the primary care environment to reduce the potential for mistakes and patient harm. The author shares tools to address communication and care coordination problems.
Crowley N. Prim Care. 2023;50:89-101.
Patients living with obesity face increased health risks due to poor equipment availability and provider bias. This article details the types of bias (i.e., implicit and explicit) experienced by people with obesity and its impact, suggestions for person-first language, and ways for clinicians to engage patients in discussions about their weight.
Redstone CS, Zadeh M, Wilson M-A, et al. J Patient Saf. 2023;19:173-179.
Previous research has found that central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSIs) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a quality improvement initiative (QI) at one community health system in Canada to reduce CLABSIs between July 2019 and May 2022. The QI initiative included changes in six areas – organizational oversight and accountability, education and training, standardized central line processes, optimized central line equipment, improving data and reporting, and fostering a culture of safety. Over the study period, CLABSIs were reduced by 51% and the use of both central line insertion checklists and central line capped lumens increased.
Park SK, Chen AMH, Daugherty KK, et al. Am J Pharm Educ. 2023;87:ajpe8999.
In medical education, the “hidden curriculum” refers to the influence of offhand comments, behaviors, and attitudes of senior clinicians on the formation of a student’s professional identity. This scoping review identified five papers examining the hidden curriculum in pharmacy education. The studies identified several approaches to address the hidden curriculum during pharmacy training, such as better integration of formal and informal training activities, encouraging positive mentor:mentee relationships between students and practicing pharmacists, and cultivating professionalism.
Mahmoud HA, Thavorn K, Mulpuru S, et al. BMJ Open Qual. 2023;12:e002134.
Incident reporting systems offer important opportunities for health systems to learn from safety events and improve outcomes. This systematic review of 22 studies identified barriers and facilitators influencing how health systems use and learn from incident reporting systems. Barriers included inadequate organizational support and resources, weak safety culture, lack of training and feedback, and a punitive environment. Factors supporting continuous improvement based on incident reporting systems included continuous training for staff, a just culture, leadership investment, and tangible improvements stemming from incident analysis.
Phillips EC, Smith SE, Tallentire VR, et al. BMJ Qual Saf. 2024;33:187-198.
Debriefing after clinical events is an important opportunity for critical learning, process improvement, and enhancing team communication. This systematic review of 21 studies synthesized findings regarding the attributes and evidence supporting the use of clinical debriefing tools. While all of the evaluated tools included points related to education and evaluation, few tools included a process for implementing change or addressed staff emotions. The authors include recommendations for clinicians, educators and researchers for teaching, implementing and evaluating clinical debriefing tools.
Meeting/Conference Proceedings
Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research: April 27, 2023.
Ambulatory surgery centers (ASC) experience a variety of error types that can be exacerbated by poor safety culture. This webcast provided information on AHRQ’s Surveys on Patient Safety Culture™ (SOPS®) Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC) Survey, including a review of the SOPS ASC program, survey administration, database submission, and available resources.
Washington, DC: VA Office of the Inspector General; March 29, 2023. Report no. 21-03680-80.
Care systems for alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients are suboptimal. This report examines the case of a patient with AUD whose emergency care was mismanaged, uncoordinated, and incomplete, contributing to his death two days after discharge. The safety recommendations shared include improving discharge planning, assessment, and consideration of mental health conditions when caring for AUD patients.
Organizational Policy/Guidelines
Horsham, PA; Institute for Safe Medication Practices: April 2023.
Community pharmacies are common providers of medication delivery that harbor process weaknesses affecting safety. This guidance shares evidence-based steps to address problems such as wrong patient errors and lack of consistent barcode system use in the community setting.
Audiovisual
Boswell B. KCET: April 2023.
Increasing attention is being placed on addressing inequities in maternal health care. This video shares stories of mothers experiencing harm during pregnancy and steps being taken to minimize the impact of implicit biases and lack of access to care to generate improvement.
This Month’s WebM&Ms
WebM&M Cases
Spotlight Case
Commentary by Michael Leonardo Amashta, MD, and David K. Barnes, MD, FACEP |
This case involves a procedural sedation error in a 3-year-old patient who presented to the Emergency Department with a left posterior hip dislocation. The commentary summarizes the indications and risks of procedural sedation in non-surgical settings and highlights the value of implementing system-wide safety protocols and practices to prevent medication administration errors during high-risk procedures.
WebM&M Cases
Charleen Singh, PhD, MSN/ED, FNP-BC, CWOCN, RN and Brent Luu, PharmD, BCACP |
This case represents a known but generally preventable complication of calcium chloride infusion, eventually necessitating surgical amputation of the patient’s left fourth (ring) finger. The commentary discusses the importance of correctly identifying IV fluids as irritants or vesicants, risks associated with the use of vesicants such as calcium chloride, and the role of early recognition of infiltration and extravasation and symptom management to minimize tissue damage and accelerate healing.
WebM&M Cases
Spotlight Case
Barbara Resnick, PhD, CRNP, and Marie Boltz, PhD, CRNP |
This Spotlight Case highlights two cases of falls in older patients in nursing homes. The commentary discusses how risk factors for falls should be considered in care planning and approaches to fall prevention in long-term care settings.
This Month’s Perspectives
Annual Perspective
Jawad Al-Khafaji, MD, MHSA, Merton Lee, PhD, PharmD, Sarah Mossburg, RN, PhD |
Throughout 2022, AHRQ PSNet has shared research that elucidates the complex nature of misdiagnosis and diagnostic safety. This Year in Review explores recent work in diagnostic safety and ways that greater safety may be promoted using tools developed to improve diagnostic practices.
Interview
Drs. Susan McGrath and George Blike discuss surveillance monitoring and its challenges and opportunities.
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